fixes #2693 - don't cause handle_ca error when no Puppet CA associated with host

(cherry picked from commit f09d61de451450a566c7ee16bdf35281e98708c4)

fixes #2779 - permission problem with non-admin adding puppetclasses to hosts and hostgroups
(cherry picked from commit 05fbe52cacb64700af76f8f072b2ff5cd16c23cc)

fixes #2484 - host, hostgroup, and BMC passwords were overwritten as blank
(cherry picked from commit 3595a70c5fa8f59ae48cd67cf009dbc839a14861)

fixes #2660 - settings, improve tests and fixes

- added string settings type
- fixed tests previously commented out due to CI failures
- more tests for core settings functionality
- parsing of string values enhanced and extracted to a separate method
- setting value to nil when it equals default is back...

Fixes #2038 - updated config and partition table templates using ones from the community repository
(cherry picked from commit cb92c0be69a00142158d884e05097b47d20480da)

fixes #2386 - permission failure on create_lookup_value
(cherry picked from commit 6c492cce87e0f2ec6c9f4a15115f4394ce542979)

fixes #2539 - added API puppetrun access permission and test
(cherry picked from commit 0fda4cf6098f491f067a00a7547e703e8632f035)

fixes #2440 remove unused files, code, unnecessary require statements
(cherry picked from commit f3dd3bb605197b4ed66be83678b6895b5abe0cd9)

Fixes #2497 - Join to the fact_values table when a user fact-filter is applied
(cherry picked from commit 9ae88fc3e7e4621df841eb6fb43fe938db4e52a5)

refs #2400 clean up tests so there are no orphaned foreign keys